A group of drugs being developed to treat mood disorders could also relieve chronic pain, finds new UCL (University College London) research funded by the Medical Research Council.
The study reveals how a protein that shapes the body's response to stress also drives chronic pain and so offers new targets for future pain treatments.
The researchers studied genetically modified mice that lacked a protein called FKBP51. This protein is very important for regulating stress. Variations in the human FKBP5 gene are linked to the risk of developing stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Previous studies have shown that people with specific FKBP5 variations feel greater physical pain after serious trauma, and the UCL team have now discovered that mice without FKBP51 experience reduced chronic pain from nerve damage and arthritic joints.
"Inhibiting FKBP51 has a very powerful effect in mice with chronic pain," says lead author Dr Maria Maiarù of UCL. "Not only does it block the pain from their injury without affecting their normal pain response, it also makes them more mobile. We did not find any negative side-effects."
The team then tested an FKBP51-blocking compound called SAFit2, developed by Dr Felix Hausch at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry to treat mood disorders by acting in the brain to reduce anxiety. By selectively blocking FKBP51 in the spinal cord, the UCL researchers were able to test its effects on chronic pain independently of its known effects on the brain. They found that SAFit2 substantially alleviated chronic pain in mice, making it a promising candidate for drug development.
"The compound was designed to have positive effects on mental health, but we have discovered that it also has significant benefits for physical pain syndromes," says senior author Dr Sandrine Géranton of UCL. "Who wouldn't want a treatment that relieves chronic pain while also making you less stressed? This was an experimental study with mice, but if this could be successfully translated into a treatment for patients, it would be a win-win."
The study also showed that an injury can trigger long-term epigenetic changes in spinal cord sensory circuits. This in turn leads to increased production of FKBP51 which contribute to the body's pain response.
"FKBP51 in the brain can prolong the stress response after trauma and we have found that it also exacerbates the pain response," explains Dr Géranton. "Although this may have once had an evolutionary advantage in promoting survival, in our current lifestyles it can lead to chronic pain, depression and PTSD. Chronic pain affects one in five adults worldwide and there are currently no effective treatments, so we are extremely excited to have identified a new treatment target."
The paper, The stress regulator FKBP51 drives chronic pain by modulating spinal glucocorticoid signaling, is published in Science Translational Medicine.
